Malaysia

Malaysia is a country located in Southeast Asia. Malaysia has two main regions separated by the South China Sea, the

* Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia), bordered by Thailand in the north and Singapore in the south
* East Malaysia, on the north island of Kalimantan is bordered by Indonesia and Brunei in the south to the north.

Malaysia is one of the pioneering countries of ASEAN.

History

Peninsular Malaya developed as the main trading center in Southeast Asia, because the growth of trade between China and India and other countries through the Malacca busy. Ptolemy showed the map with which to translate the label 'Golden Chersonese', with the Malacca as "Sinus Sabaricus".

Malay kingdom of the most recorded in the history of the early growth of the city-port edge of the beach made the 10 century. Including in Langkasuka and Lembah Bujang in Kedah, and also Beruas and Gangga Negara in Perak and Pan Pan in Kelantan. All of the kingdom is estimated to Hindu or Buddhist. Islam arrived on the 14-century in Terengganu.

Early 15th century, Malacca Sultanate was founded by the dynasty started by Parameswara from Palembang, Indonesia. With Melaka as the capital, control over this region is now Peninsular Malaya, southern Thailand (Pattani, and the east coast of Sumatra. This kingdom lasted for more than a century, and in this period Islam spread to all the Malay Islands. Melaka as a trading port important that is located almost in the middle of the trade route India and China.

Portugal make Malacca a colony in the year 1511 with the strength of the military, and the Sultanate of Malacca. However, the last Sultan fled to Kampar in Sumatra and died there. One of their children to go to the north of Peninsula Malaya Perak Sultanate and established, and the other children went to the south of the peninsula and create a capital that was there in the Sultanate of Johor.

Kingdom is a continuation of the old Sultanate of Malacca, but is now known as the Sultanate of Johor, which still exists until now. After the fall of Malacca, three-state fight to take control the Malacca: Portuguese (in Malacca), Johor Sultanate, and the Sultanate of Aceh, and the war ended in 1641, when the Dutch (allied to the Sultanate of Johor) seize Malacca. Britain took over Malacca in 1824, when (London treaties) signed with the Netherlands, of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).

British crown colony, Strait Settlement (Negeri-Negeri Selat) was established in 1826, the United Kingdom and gradually memningkatkan area all his power to the peninsula. Settlement passage consists of three ports, namely Singapore, Pulau Pinang, and Malacca. Pulau Pinang which was established in 1786 by Captain Francis Light as a commercial post awarded by the Sultan Kedah. Malacca fell in the power of the United Kingdom after the Dutch-British Agreement in 1824 and two years later, the passage of the country was founded. Countries is governed by the British East India Company in Calcutta until 1867 when the administration transferred to the colonial office in London.

Also at about this time many Malay country, decided to help get the United Kingdom in internal conflicts. Less than ten years after the movement of the transfer is complete, some of the country's west coast in the Malay Peninsula to be under the influence of the United Kingdom.

The role of traders in the country-see the passage of British government intervention in the countries of tin in the Malay Peninsula. Plus the interference Group Confidential Chinese brothers and war, diplomacy gunboat Briton executed to bring a peaceful settlement to the merchant to provide the lands strait. Finally, the Pangkor Agreement in 1874 to give way for the extension of the United Kingdom, and the 20th century the lands Pahang, Selangor, Perak, and Negeri Sembilan, all known as the Malay Unity Affairs, under the government of the United Kingdom who are assigned to provide advice to Sultan.

Countries this is known as Negeri Melayu Bersatu (Federated Malay States) and, not directly under the power of London, but has a British adviser in the Sultan's palace. Four states of the north of Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, and previously was under the power of Thailand. British North Borneo (now Sabah) is a British colony under the leadership of Sultanate of Sulu, and the Sarawak area is private land Brooke family.

Menyusulnya Japanese occupation during World War II, support for independent population growth, followed by the communist interference. Plan of the United Kingdom after the war to form a "Malayan Union" (United Malaya) dikacaukan by a strong Malay opposition who wanted a decent Malay system, and want only one citizenship, not dwikewarganegaraan, which can give the immigrant community can claim Malaya citizenship and country of origin them. Achieved independence on 31 August 1957 with the name Malaya Federation. Singapore is still under the authority of the United Kingdom at this time because the location of the stategis.

New federation under the name of Malaysia was formed on 16 September 1963 through the merger with Malaya Federation colonies other Briton, namely Singapore, North Borneo (later called Sabah) and Sarawak, the two are the last colony on the island of Borneo. Sultanate of Brunei, although it initially wanted to join Malaysia, but interesting because of his opposition from certain parts of the population and the debate about the oil royalty payment.

Start the independence of Malaysia dikacaukan by Indonesian efforts to control Malaysia in the confrontation by Soekarno in Trikora, discharge of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 was obtained discriminatory treatment, and racial conflict in the country in the year 1969. Philippines also make a claim on Sabah which is based on the handover to the eastern sea to the Sultanate of Brunei Sultanate of Sulu in 1704. Claim Philippines still continues to this day.

After the ethnic riot on May 13, 1969, controversial New Economic Policy - the desire to improve the local economy be gazed by another ethnic group - issued by Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak. Malaysia's there to keep the balance of political-ethnic soft, and to develop rules that combine a unique economic growth and political rules of the Bumiputera (a group of ethnic Malays and indigenous people) and Malaysian citizens who profess Islam.

Between the 1980s to early 1990s, Malaysia experienced rapid economic growth under the leadership Dr. Mahathir bin Mohammad, the fourth prime minister Malaysia. In this period of economic transition into production based on agricultural and industrial machines in the field of electronics and home goods.

At the end of the 1990s, Malaysia diguncang Asian financial crisis. Opposition to some aspects of the system that have brought down the government. Opposition from the socialist party and reformis until the mengadvokasikan establishment of an Islamic state.

In 2003, Dr. Mahathir, prime minister of the oldest in Malaysia, resigned the position and submit to the deputinya, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. Government mengadvokasikan new view of moderate Islamic country that is defined by Islam Hadhari.

Politics

Federation of Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy. Malaysia diketuai by a king which is known by the name of Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected by and from 9 states of the sultan of the Malaysian-led to the sultan for five years in turns.

This system is based on the Westminster because Malaysia is a land of the former British colony. Government more power held by the executive branch of the judiciary. Regular elections are held every 5 years.

Executive power is determined by the cabinet led by Prime Minister. Based on the Constitution of Malaysia, the Prime Minister must be a member of the Council of the People, according to the opinion that the di-Pertuan Agong, a majority support in parliament. Meanwhile, the cabinet is a member of parliament elected from the Council of the People or the Council of State.

Parliament divided over the Council of the People and the Council of State. The Council of State has 70 people senator (the call was given to the members of the Council of State). Elections can be divided by two members:

1. 26 members elected by the Board as representatives of Invitation 13 states (each state represented by two members).
2. 44 members appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the advice of the Prime Minister, including two members of Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, and one member each from the Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan and Putrajaya.

The Council of the People has 222 members, and each member represents a constituency. They were selected on the basis of support by many parties over the election. Each member of the Board holds office for five years, and after that a new election will be held. Judicial power be distributed between the federation and state governments.

Of political power in Malaysia is very important to fight for an issue and the right. Therefore, the power play a very important role in making changes.

Geography

Malaysia consists of two main regions separated by the South China Sea. Both have the form of the earth, almost the same, namely from the seafront up to the sloping hills and dense forest is high. Highest peak in Malaysia (and also in Kalimantan) is Mount Kinabalu at 4,095.2 meters in Sabah. Malaysia's climate is equatorial, and visited each year by muson from the southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February).

Putrajaya is the central federal government with a new purpose built to avoid the traffic density in Kuala Lumpur. Parliament does not move, and Kuala Lumpur is still the capital of Malaysia. Other major cities including Ipoh, George Town, Johor Bahru, Kuching and Kota Kinabalu.

Economy

Malaysia is a simple state income, changed from a country of raw materials such as gum, tin ore, and so forth. In 1971, a state multisektor through the New Economic Policy. Basically, the growth of Malaysia depends on the export of electronics such as computer chips and so forth. As a result, Malaysia felt great pressure during the economic crisis in 1998 and decline in information technology sector in 2001. KDNK in 2001 only increased by as much as 0.3% caused 11% reduction in exports but the fiscal stimulus package has a large impact on reducing these.

Malaysia has a number of elements of a stable macroeconomic (in which inflation and unemployment remains below 3%), savings and foreign currency exchange healthy, and the foreign debt low. This allows Malaysia to not experience the same crisis as the financial crisis in Asia in 1997. However, long-term prospects look less good due to a lack of changes in the legal sector that deals mainly with corporate debt and the high competitive.

In addition to latex and palm oil which are in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak also rich in natural resources such as timber Balak, oil and natural gas.

Demographics

Malaysia consists of various races and religions, with the Malay race to be the biggest race in Malaysia with 54% of the citizens. In Malaysia's constitution, a Malay Malaysian citizens who practice traditional Malay, Bahasa Malaysia to use, and Mohammedan. Approximately 25% of Malaysia is Chinese, and 7% more of India. Almost 85% India race in Malaysia is a Tamil community.

More than half of the population of Sarawak and Sabah 66% of the population consists of the indigenous non-Malay. Inclusion of other racial or less to reduce the percentage of indigenous population in the two states is. The situation in Sabah after the entry of UMNO garbled in the political business in the country. They divided up the collection of dozens of races but has the same general culture. The main tribe is the Kadazan-Dusun, Dayak, and Iban. Until the 20th century, most of them practice traditional beliefs, but now many are already embrace Christianity or Islam.

In addition, Malaysia also has a population that came from Europe and the Middle East. Population density terdistribusi Malaysia is not evenly distributed, with 17 million of 25 million people of Malaysia live in Peninsular Malaysia.

Culture

Culture refers to the Malaysian culture all that there is a plural society in Malaysia and the various tribes there, such as:

1. Malay culture
2. Chinese culture
3. Cultural India
4. Kadazan-Dusun culture
5. Kebudayaan Dayak, Iban, Kayan, Kenyah, Murut, Lun Bawang, Kelabit, and Bidayuh.

State and regional partnership
Malaysia consists of 13 states and 3 territories alliance (alliance of all three regions are combined into one flag in Malaysia) which is represented as the fourteen lines and corners of the stars in the Flag of Malaysia, called "Channel Gemilang":

Peninsular Malaysia

1. Johor Darul esteem
2. Kedah Darul Aman
3. Kelantan Darul Naim
4. Historical Melaka Bandaraya
5. Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus
6. Pahang Darul Makmur
7. Perak Darul Ridzuan
8. Perlis Indera Kayangan
9. Pulau Pinang Pulau Mutiara
10. Selangor Darul Ehsan
11. Terengganu Darul Iman
12. Wilayah Persekutuan
1. Kuala Lumpur
2. Putrajaya

East Malaysia

1. Sabah Negeri Di Bawah Bayu
2. Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang
3. Wilayah Persekutuan
1. Labuan

Tourism
Here are some popular tourism in Malaysia.
Mount

1. Bukit Bendera, Pulau Pinang
2. Cameron Highlands, Pahang
3. Genting Highlands, Pahang
4. Gunung Jerai, Kedah
5. Mount Kinabalu, Sabah
6. Gunung Ledang, Johor
7. Gunung Tahan, Pahang

River

1. Waterfall Lata Kinjang, Perak
2. Highest Waterfall City, Johor
3. Telaga Tujuh waterfalls, Kedah
4. Cascade Toi, Negeri Sembilan

Beach

1. Stone Ferringghi, Pinang
2. Pantai Cahaya Bulan, Kelantan
3. Cherating Beach, Pahang
4. Desaru Beach, Johor
5. Pantai Merdeka, Kedah
6. Beach Morib, Selangor
7. Pantai Tanjung Aru, Sabah
8. Pantai Teluk Batik, Perak
9. Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan
10. Rantau Abang, Terengganu
11. Danga Bay, Johor

Island

1. Pulau Kapas, Terengganu
2. Pulau Langkawi, Kedah
3. Pulau Pangkor, Perak
4. Payar Island, Kedah
5. The Island, Johor
6. Island stops, Terengganu
7. Pulau Redang, Terengganu
8. Pulau Sibu, Johor
9. Pulau Sipadan, Sabah
10. Pulau Tioman, Pahang

Another

1. A Famosa, Malacca
2. Batu Caves, Selangor
3. Lake Kenyir, Terengganu
4. Sultan Abdul Samad Building, Kuala Lumpur
5. Masjid Jamek, Kuala Lumpur
6. Masjid Negara, Kuala Lumpur
7. Petronas Twin Tower, Kuala Lumpur
8. Menara Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur
9. Sumur Hang Tuah, Melaka
10. Taman Negara Malaysia, Pahang, Kelantan and Terengganu
11. Garden State Niah, Sarawak
12. Zoo Negara, Kuala Lumpur

Major figures in Malaysia

1. Dato 'Onn bin Jaafar
2. Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Al-Tuan Guru Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah
3. Tun Abdul Razak Hussein
4. Tun Hussein Onn
5. Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad
6. Dato 'Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi

Organization

* EAEC previous EAEG
* EAF
* ASEAN
* OKI
* State of
* The United Nations
* South-South Cooperation
* GNB